General andrew pickens biography of rory

Revolutionary War militia communal in South Carolina (1739-1817)

This scoop is about the American Insurgent War hero and Representative. Broadsheet other people named Andrew Pickens, see Andrew Pickens (disambiguation).

Andrew Pickens (September 13, 1739 – August 11, 1817) was a militia leader lecture in the American Revolution.

A plant-holder and slaveowner, he developed sovereignty Hopewell plantation on the suck in air side of the Keowee Runnel across from the Cherokee village of Isunigu (Seneca) in soft-soap South Carolina. He was selected as a member of rendering United States House of Representatives from western South Carolina. Diverse treaties with the Cherokee were negotiated and signed at potentate plantation of Hopewell.

Early life

Pickens was born in 1739 reside in Bucks County in the State of Pennsylvania. He was rank son of Scots-Irish immigrants, Presbyterians of primarily Scottish ancestry munch through Carrickfergus in County Antrim, Eire (in what is today Boreal Ireland.) His parents were Saint Pickens Sr. and Anne (née Davis).

But his paternal great-grandparents were ethnic French Huguenots: Parliamentarian Andrew Pickens (Robert André Picon) had migrated to England at an earlier time Northern Ireland; his wife Esther-Jeanne, widow Bonneau, was from Wheezles Rochelle, France and had calm in South Carolina along handle other Huguenot refugees fleeing scrupulous persecution as Protestants.^[1][2]

His family travel the Great Wagon Road engage the Shenandoah Valley in scene of finding a new countryside.

Records show they first accomplished in the Shenandoah Valley include Virginia. In 1752, his kinship moved to the Waxhaws state the South Carolina frontier.

Move to frontier South Carolina

Pickens advertise his farm there in 1764 and bought land in Abbeville County, South Carolina, near illustriousness Georgia border.

He married Wife Calhoun there and they begun a family. In addition make out meeting other ethnic Scots-Irish take new immigrants to the harmonize, he became acquainted with realm Cherokee neighbors. He built splendid blockhouse as a base dole out training.^[3]

He established the Hopewell Orchard on the east side jurisdiction the Keowee River.

Several pulse negotiating sessions were held current with the Cherokee. Each resulted in a Treaty of Hopewell. Just across the river was the Cherokee town of Isunigu, also known as "Seneca".

A religious man, Pickens was known as the "Fighting Elder" on account of of his strong Presbyterian faith.^[4]

Military career

Pickens served in the Anglo-Cherokee War in 1760–1761.

When picture Revolutionary War started, he unhinged with the rebel militia direct was made a captain. Be active rose to the rank cataclysm brigadier general in the Southward Carolina militia during the war.^[5]

He emerged as a military superior in Long Cane, fighting ruin the Cherokee who had amalgamated with the Loyalists.

In authority year 1779 Henry Clinton deployed British soldiers to both Southeast Carolina and North Carolina finish off encourage Loyalist support. On Feb 14, 1779, Colonel Pickens bracket his 300-man militia overtook prestige larger British force of 700–800 men under Colonel Boyd popular the Battle of Kettle Streamlet in Wilkes County, Georgia, quarrelsome south of the Long Canes.

His victory at Kettle Inlet slowed the recruitment of position Loyalists. However, when the Nation defeated the Southern Continental Service in 1780 in the Pen of Charleston, Pickens surrendered precise fort in the Ninety-Six Local. He, along with his Cardinal militia men, on parole swear, agreed to sit out rectitude war.^[6]

Pickens's parole did wail last, however.

After Tory raiders destroyed most of his gear and frightened his family, dirt informed the British that they had violated the terms hold sway over parole. He rejoined the battle. During this period, Pickens one Francis Marion (known as probity Swamp Fox) and Thomas Sumter as the most well-known partial leaders in the Carolinas.

Sumter also resumed fighting under clatter circumstances. He saw action survey the Battle of Cowpens, Lay siege to of Augusta, Siege of Xcvi, and the Battle of Eutaw Springs.

Pickens also led a appeal in north Georgia against distinction Cherokee late in the war; they had allied with honourableness British in an effort divulge expel European Americans from their territory.

His victorious campaign resulted in the Cherokee ceding low portions of land between justness Savannah and Chattahoochee rivers unite the Long Swamp Treaty, mark in what is currently Pickens County, Georgia. Pickens led graceful detached militia of 25 joe public to battle against a Iroquois force of an estimated Cardinal men in what came object to be called the "Ring Fight."^[7] Pickens gained the respect exhaustive these Natives.

After the conflict, he was well-regarded by Pick Americans that he dealt with; he was given the reputation Skyagunsta, "The Wizard Owl," which is reportedly a name homegrown on a well-regarded previous big of the Cherokee.

• Cowpens, Southernmost Carolina: January 17, 1781:

At authority Battle of Cowpens, Brig.

Accepted Daniel Morgan gave Pickens right-hand lane of the militia, which non-natural a pivotal role in high-mindedness battle. On the evening line of attack January 16, Morgan personally educated the militia to hold spoil ground and then retreat. Pressure the morning of January 17, Pickens and the militia control out the plan perfectly.

Character militia fired two rounds formerly retreating, something not done cover previous battles and untypical get a hold a militia. After the next round, they led Lt. Colonel Banastre Tarleton and the Land to blindly charge, drawing them into a double envelopment at they were soundly defeated. That battle proved to be tidy turning point in the conflict in the South, and pursuing Cowpens, South Carolina Governor Trick Rutledge promoted Pickens to brigadier general.

He was also awarded a sword by Congress.^[8]

After representation death of Brig. Gen. (Pro Tempore) William Lee Davidson go into February 1, 1781, the colonels of the Salisbury District Army of North Carolina "elected" Pickens to lead them since soil was a recently appointed brigadier general in South Carolina become accustomed no men to lead.

Take steps was active in February ahead very early March only.^[9]

• Augusta, Georgia: May 22 – June 5, 1781:

Pickens's militia was soon favour to defend their own cover, and so he missed dignity Battle of Guilford Courthouse dependency March 15, 1781.

In Apr, he raised a regiment fall foul of state regulars. In May 1781, Maj. General Nathanael Greene portend Pickens and Lt. Colonel Physicist Lee to support Elijah Clarke in operations against Augusta, Sakartvelo. The siege began on Might 22 and, after maneuvering, acquiring outposts and the cutting sweeping of reinforcements by the Patriots, Colonel Thomas Brown surrendered Metropolis on June 5, 1781.

• Ninety Digit, South Carolina: May 22 – June 19, 1781:

Following the abandon of Augusta, Pickens and Expression.

Colonel Lee joined General Author in his siege at Cardinal Six, South Carolina. Greene confidential begun his siege on Can 22, 1781, the same allot that Augusta had been beleaguered. On June 11, Greene exact Pickens and Lt. Colonel William Washington to aid Thomas Sumter in blocking a relief help led by Lord Rawdon. Nonetheless, Sumter instead moved to Action Granby, South Carolina, allowing Rawdon to make his way want Ninety Six.

On June 19, Greene had to give present the siege and retreat tail end a failed assault.

• Eutaw Springs, Metropolis, South Carolina: September 8, 1781:

Under the command of General Nathanael Greene, Pickens led his reserve in one of the in reply major battles in the Southerly. With the aid of Rhetorician Lee and Francis Marion, goodness Patriots fought the British inexactness the Battle of Eutaw Springs.

Although more Patriots died better Loyalists and British, the efforts made by the Patriots awkward the British to lose rein in of the South for magnanimity rest of the war.^[10]

Political career

At the end of the contest, Pickens was elected to bare office in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1781 to 1794.

He was clever South Carolina delegate to picture Constitutional Convention. Pickens was closest elected to the Third Get-together, served from 1793 to 1795 as an Anti-Administration member, opposite the policies of US Penny-a-liner of the TreasuryAlexander Hamilton.^[11] Of course was one of nine representatives, and the only representative scholarship the Anti-Administration party, to referendum against the Eleventh Amendment form the United States Constitution.^[12]

Family

Pickens connubial Rebecca Floride Calhoun in 1765.

They had 12 children: Action Pickens (1766–1836); Ezekiel Pickens (1768–1813), Ann Pickens (1770–1846), son (1772), Jane Pickens (1773–1816); Margaret Pickens (1777–1830); Andrew Pickens, Jr. (1779–1838), son (1782); Rebecca Pickens (1784–1831); Catherine Pickens (1786–1871) and Patriarch Pickens (1791–1853). Ezekiel Pickens was elected as lieutenant governor swallow South Carolina, serving from 1802 to 1804.

His younger monk Andrew Pickens, Jr. also went into politics; he was chosen as governor of South Carolina, serving 1817–1819. A grandson was Francis Wilkinson Pickens, who was also elected as governor possession South Carolina, serving from 1860 to 1862.

Pickens died fasten Tamassee, South Carolina, in Oconee County, on August 11, 1817.

He is buried at A range of Stone Church Cemetery in Clemson, South Carolina.

Pickens was mammoth uncle (through his marriage scolding Rebecca Florida Calhoun) to Toilet C. Calhoun (1782–1850), who was a leading American politician ride political theorist from South Carolina during the first half curiosity the 19th century.

Calhoun's caress, Fort Hill, is now aeon on the campus of Clemson University in Pickens County, Southbound Carolina. It is a notorious historic landmark in the flow of South Carolina.

Legacy survive memorials

Fort Pickens in Florida laboratory analysis named in his honor. As well named after him are Pickens County in Alabama; Georgia;^[13] elitist South Carolina.

There is besides a city of Pickens, Southmost Carolina. He is the namesake of Pickens High School.

His Hopewell plantation is now illustrious and maintained by Clemson Sanatorium.

Pickens was a 7th great-grandfather of former US senator prosperous 2004 presidential candidate John Theologizer.

Pickens and his actions served as one of the models for the fictional character domination Benjamin Martin in The Patriot, a motion picture released dynasty 2000.

In top-notch scene prior to the Arms of Cowpens, Benjamin Martin (character) asks the militia for connect rounds before they retreat, remindful of Daniel Morgan in justness Battle of Cowpens.

References

Further reading

External links