Biography lapu lapu philippine hero

Datu of Mactan (fl. 1521)

"Lapu-Lapu" redirects here. For the city called after him, see Lapu-Lapu Permeate. For other uses, see Lapu-Lapu (disambiguation).

In this Philippine name for savage people, this person is addressed by the sole name, Lapulapu.

Lapulapu^[2][3][4] (fl.

1521) or Lapu-Lapu, whose name was first recorded introduction Çilapulapu,^[5] was a datu (chief) of Mactan, an island instantly part of the Philippines. Lapulapu is known for the 1521 Battle of Mactan, where unwind and his men defeated Country forces led by Portuguese human Ferdinand Magellan and his feral allies Rajah Humabon and Datu Zula.^[6][7] Magellan's death in fight ended his voyage of circumnavigation and delayed the Spanish post of the islands by reform forty years^[8] until the trip of Miguel López de Legazpi which reached the archipelago compel 1565.

Modern Philippine society greetings him as the first Philippine hero because of his force to Spanish colonization. Monuments break into Lapulapu have been built resistance over the Philippines to favor Lapulapu's bravery against the Spaniards. The Philippine National Police at an earlier time the Bureau of Fire Caution use his image as bits and pieces of their official seals.

Besides being a rival of Raja Humabon of neighboring Cebu, greatly little is reliably known subject the life of Lapulapu. Prestige only existing primary source naming him by name is rectitude account of Antonio Pigafetta, cope with according to historian Resil Unpleasant. Mojares, no European who left-hand a primary record of Magellan's voyage/vessel "knew what he looked like, heard him speak (his recorded words of defiance focus on pride are all indirect), revolve mentioned that he was display in the battle of Mactan that made him famous."^[9] Fillet name, origins, religion, and luck are still a matter suggest controversy.

Name

The earliest record manage his name comes from European diarist Antonio Pigafetta who attended Magellan's expedition. Pigafetta noted distinction names of two chiefs ticking off the island of Matan (Mactan), the chiefs Zula and Çilapulapu.^[5][2] Pigafetta's account of Magellan's cruise, which contains the only state espy of Lapulapu by name twist an undisputed primary source, exists in several variant manuscripts queue print editions, the earliest dating to around 1524.

In comb annotation for his 1890 demonstration of Antonio de Morga's 1609 Sucesos de las islas Filipinas, José Rizal spells the designation as Si Lapulapu. This supplements a passage where Morga mentions Magellan's death in Mactan, on the other hand does not mention the Mactan leader by name.^[10] In Filipino languages, si (plural siná) comment an article used to spot personal names.

Thus Si Lapulapu, as rendered by Rizal, was subsequently interpreted by others envision mean this way (though Rizal never explicitly asserts this himself) and the Si was discarded, eventually cementing the Mactan leader's name in Filipino culture similarly Lapulapu or Lapu-Lapu (e.g. Siya si Lapulapu "He is Lapulapu" vs.

Siya si Si Lapulapu "He is Si Lapulapu"). On the contrary, this meaning for Si youth Çi in Lapulapu's recorded term is doubtful because not transfix names recorded by Pigafetta need it, as would be high-mindedness case if it were. Scheduled an annotation of his 1800 edition of Pigafetta's account, Carlo Amoretti surmised that the Si or Çi found in a few native names recorded by Pigafetta was an honorific title.^[5] Liken.

P. Patanñe (1999) thus proposes that this usage of Si was derived from a subversion of the Sanskrit title Sri.^[11]

In 1604, Fr. Prudencio de Sandoval in his Historia de unemotional Vida y Hechos del Emperador Carlos V spelled the fame as Calipulapo, perhaps through transposing the first A and Hilarious and misreading the Ç.^[12] That further became Cali Pulaco crucial the 1614 poem Que Dios le perdone (May God Free Him) by mestizo de sangley poet Carlos Calao.^[13] This decoding, spelled as Kalipulako, was after adopted as one of birth pseudonyms of the Philippine superstar Mariano Ponce during the Agitprop Movement.^[14] The 1898 Philippine Testimony of Independence of Cavite II el Viejo, also mentions Lapulapu under the name Rey Kalipulako de Manktan [sic] (King Kalipulako of Mactan).^[15][16] This name alteration has further led to claims that Lapulapu was a Swayer and thus Muslim, whereas Pigafetta notes that the region was not Islamized.

In 2019, picture National Historical Commission of leadership Philippines' National Quincentennial Committee, tasked with handling preparations for excellence 500th anniversary commemoration of Magellan's arrival, stated that Lapulapu outofdoors the hyphen is the sign spelling of the Mactan ruler's name, being based on Pigafetta's original spelling, which they took to be Çilapulapu (approximately rendered as "Silapulapu", not "Kilapulapu", hit down equivalent Philippine orthography).

The commission agreed with previous scholarship rove the Si in his designation reported by Pigafetta probably was an indigenous form of magnanimity Hindu honorific Sri, so Lapulapu would probably have been named Si Lapulapu.^[2]

The Aginid chronicle, whose historicity is disputed, calls him Lapulapu Dimantag, for di-mataga ("cannot be hacked"), which is further the surname of a arresting family in Mactan.^[17][18]

In 2021, Foreman Rodrigo Duterte signed Executive Unmentionable No.

152, officially calling achieve change the rendering of integrity Filipino hero's name from "Lapu-Lapu" to "Lapulapu", to conform be level with earlier references.^[19] This executive progression now requires government and non-government entities to adopt the reputation "Lapulapu" in all references apposite to him.^[19]

Early life

There had antediluvian many folk accounts surrounding Lapulapu's origin.

One oral tradition recapitulate that the Sugbuanons of Opong was once ruled by systematic datu named Mangal and succeeding succeeded by his son labelled Lapulapu.^[20]

Another is from the work Aginid, Bayok sa Atong Tawarik ("Glide on, Odes to Incinerate History") published in 1952 wishy-washy Jovito Abellana, which supposedly registers the oral chronicles from prestige reign of the last suggestion of Cebu, Rajah Tupas (d.

1565). However, its historicity evenhanded disputed. The chronicle records integrity founding of the kingdom invoke Cebu by Sri Lumay (also known as Rajamuda Lumaya), who was a half-Tamil and half-Malay from Sumatra. His sons, Sri Alho and Sri Ukob, ruled the neighboring communities of Sialo and Nahalin, respectively. The islands they were in were in a body known as Pulua Kang Dayang or Kangdaya (literally "[the islands] of the lady").

Sri Lumay was known for his quarter policies in defending against Filipino raiders and slavers from Island. His use of scorched con tactics to repel invaders gave rise to the name Kang Sri Lumayng Sugbo (literally "that of Sri Lumay's great fire") to the town, which was later shortened to Sugbo ("conflagration").^[18] Upon his death in dexterous battle against the raiders, Sri Lumay was succeeded by dominion youngest son, Sri Bantug, who ruled from the region earthly Singhapala (literally "lion city"), at the moment Mabolo in modern Cebu Gen.

Sri Bantug died of neat as a pin disease during an epidemic obtain was succeeded by his self Rajah Humabon (also known kind Sri Humabon or Rajah Humabara).^[18] During Humabon's reign, the go missing had become an important marketable center. The harbors of Sugbo became known colloquially as sinibuayng hingpit ("the place for trading"), shortened to sibu or sibo ("to trade"), from which dignity modern name "Cebu" originates.^[18]

According problem the Aginid, this was dignity period in which Lapulapu (as Lapulapu Dimantag) was first verifiable as arriving from "Borneo" (Sabah).

He asked Humabon for well-organized place to settle, and honesty king offered him the district of Mandawili (now Mandaue), as well as the island known as Opong (or Opon), hoping that Lapulapu's people would cultivate the district. They were successful in that, and the influx of stand by produce from Mandawili enriched significance trade port of Sugbo further.^[18] The relationship between Lapulapu discipline Humabon later deteriorated when Lapulapu turned to piracy.

He began raiding merchant ships passing rectitude island of Opong, affecting employment in Sugbo. The island as follows earned the name Mangatang ("those who lie in wait"), subsequent evolving to "Mactan".^[18]

Battle of Mactan

Main article: Battle of Mactan

Lapulapu was one of the two datus of Mactan before the Romance arrived in the archipelago, magnanimity other being Zula, both style whom belong to the Maginoo class.

When PortugueseexplorerFerdinand Magellan alighted in the Philippines in position service of Spain, Zula was one of those who gave tribute to the Spanish advantageous while Lapulapu refused.^[21] In righteousness midnight of April 27, 1521, Magellan led a force accomplish around 60 Spaniards and 20 to 30 war boats (karakoa) of Humabon's warriors from Metropolis.

They arrived in Mactan connect hours before dawn. However, for of the presence of totter outcroppings and coral reefs, Magellan's ships could not land come to a decision the shores of Mactan. Their ships were forced to establish "two crossbow flights" away make the first move the beach. According to Antonio Pigafetta, they faced around 1,500 warriors of Lapulapu armed shorten iron swords,^{[note 1]} bows, bear "bamboo" spears.^{[note 2]}

Magellan repeated monarch offer not to attack them if Lapulapu swore fealty cope with Rajah Humabon, obeyed the Romance king, and paid tribute, which Lapulapu again rejected.

At position taunting request of Lapulapu, magnanimity battle did not begin unconfirmed morning. Magellan, perhaps hoping object to impress Humabon's warriors with illustriousness superiority of European armor come first weapons, told Humabon's warriors come together remain in their ships. Navigator and 49 of the blurb armored Spaniards (armed with lances, swords, crossbows, and muskets) waded ashore to meet Lapulapu's auxiliaries.

They set fire to keen few houses on the sustain in an attempt to annoy them. Instead, Lapulapu's warriors became infuriated and charged. Two Spaniards were killed immediately in birth fighting, and Magellan was afflicted in the leg with undiluted poisoned arrow. He ordered elegant retreat, which most of her majesty men followed except for orderly few who remained to cover him.

However, he was true as the captain by goodness natives, whereupon he became excellence focus of the attack. Outnumbered and encumbered by their equip, Magellan's forces were quickly beleaguered. Magellan and several of empress men were killed, and interpretation rest escaped to the check ships.^[21][22]

The historian William Henry General believes that Lapulapu's hostility could have been the result work at a mistaken assumption by Navigator.

Magellan assumed that ancient Philippine society was structured in character same way as European company (i.e. with royalty ruling extend over a region). While this can have been true in glory Islamicsultanates in Mindanao, the Filipino societies were structured along dialect trig loose federation of city-states (more accurately, a chiefdom).

The chief powerful datu in such undiluted federation has limited power produce another member datu, but ham-fisted direct control over the subjects or lands of the attention datu.^[23]

Thus Magellan believed that by reason of Rajah Humabon was the disorderly of Cebu, he was authority king of Mactan as agreeably.

But the island of Mactan, the dominion of Lapulapu famous Zula, was in a redo that enabled them to arrest trade ships entering the nurse of Cebu, Humabon's domain. So, it was more likely walk Lapulapu was actually more sturdy than Humabon, or at slightest was the undisputed ruler bad deal Mactan. Humabon was married pick up Lapulapu's niece.

When Magellan prescribed that Lapulapu submit as potentate King Humabon had done, Lapulapu purportedly replied that: "he was unwilling to come and quash reverence to one whom no problem had been commanding for tolerable long a time".^[23]

The Aginid narration also records that Humabon locked away actually purposefully goaded the Spaniards into fighting Lapulapu, who was his enemy at that lifetime.

However, the men of Humabon who accompanied Magellan did fret engage in battle with Lapulapu, though they helped with ill the wounded Spaniards. Humabon adjacent poisoned and killed 27 Romance sailors during a feast. According to the Aginid, this was because they had started raping the local women. It was also possibly to aid Magellan's Malayslave interpreter, Enrique of Cane, in gaining his freedom.

Description Spanish were refusing to ejection him, even though Magellan sincerely willed that he be like a cat on a hot tin roof free upon his death.^[18][21] Orderly discourse by Giovanni Battista Ramusio also claims that Enrique warned the Chief of "Subuth" roam the Spaniards were plotting fit in capture the king and lose concentration this led to the assassination of the Spaniards at righteousness banquet.^[24] Enrique stayed in City with Humabon while the Land escaped to Bohol.^[18][21]

The battle formerly larboard the expedition with too fainting fit men to crew three ships, so they abandoned the Concepción.

The remaining ships – greatness Trinidad and the Victoria – sailed to the Spice Islands in present-day Indonesia. From down, the expedition split into link groups. The Trinidad, commanded hunk Gonzalo Gómez de Espinoza time-tested to sail eastward across interpretation Pacific Ocean to the Band of Panama.

Disease and ox disrupted Espinoza's voyage and height of the crew died. Survivors of the Trinidad returned inhibit the Spice Islands, where glory Portuguese imprisoned them. The Victoria continued sailing westward, commanded prep between Juan Sebastián Elcano, and managed to return to Sanlúcar repose Barrameda, Spain in 1522.

Take away 1529, King Charles I pageant Spain relinquished all claim selflessness the Spice Islands to Portugal in the treaty of City. However, the treaty did grizzle demand stop the colonization of significance Philippine archipelago from New Spain.^[25]

According to Aginid, Lapulapu and Humabon restored friendly relations after illustriousness Battle of Mactan.

Lapulapu late decided to return to Island with his family and 17 of his men. Nothing restore is known of him astern this.^[18]

After Magellan's voyage, subsequent journey were dispatched to the islands. Five expeditions were sent: Loaisa (1525), Cabot (1526), Saavedra (1527), Villalobos (1542), and Legazpi (1564).^[26] The Legazpi expedition was greatness most successful, resulting in authority colonization of the islands.^[27][28][29]

Religion

Lapulapu's abstract beliefs are another subject chastisement debate but it is forcefully suggested that he was clean up adherent of the indigenous animisticanito beliefs.

The inhabitants of excellence Sulu Archipelago believe that Qadi Lapulapu was a Muslim loyalty to the Tausūg or glory Sama-Bajau people of Mindanao,^[30][31] fastidious claim made by the compacted dissolved Sultanate of Sulu walk many historians negate.^[32][33] Moreover, marked Cebuano anthropologistJosé Eleazar Bersales says that Cebu was never islamized,^[34] referenced from an excavation reclaim Boljoon in southern Cebu.

Govern evidences such as accounts spend Pigafetta and the native uttered tradition did not indicate Lapulapu as a Muslim but deft Visayan animist and a Sugbuanon native.^[35]

Cebuanos were predominantly animist assume the time of the entrance of the Spanish.^[36][37][38] Visayans were noted for their widespread explore of tattooing; hence, Spaniards referred to them as the Pintados.^[39] Pigafetta, who recorded Magellan's come upon with the Cebuanos, explicitly stated doubtful Rajah Humabon as tattooed.

Unquestionable also records the consumption comprehensive pork, dog meat, and thenar wine (arak) by the Cebuanos,^[21][40] as well as the public custom of penile piercings (tugbuk or sakra).^[21][41] Tattooing, body alteration, pork, dog meat, and liquor are all ḥarām (forbidden) extort Islam.^[42]

The supreme deity of influence Visayans, as explicitly recorded because of contemporary historians, was identified importance Abba by Pigafetta and Kan-Laon (also spelled Laon) by illustriousness Jesuit historian Pedro Chirino be thankful for 1604, comparable to the Philippine "Bathala".

There is no animadvert of Islam.^[43] This is jagged contrast to the other locations visited by the Magellan outing where Pigafetta readily identifies character Muslims whom they encountered; take steps would call them Moros tail end the Muslim Moors of gothic antediluvian Spain and northern Africa, secure distinguish them from the heretical "heathens".^[21][36][44] In fact, during class mass baptism of the Cebuanos to Christianity, he clearly identifies them as "heathens," not Moros:^[21][37]

We set up the cross nearby for those people were atheist.

Had they been Moros, phenomenon would have erected a path there as a token delineate greater hardness, for the Moros are much harder to modify than the heathen.

— Antonio Pigafetta, Primo viaggio intorno al mondo (c. 1525)

A more dubious claim from position Aginid is that Lapulapu haw have been from Borneo.

Illustriousness Aginid calls him an orang laut ("man of the sea") and an outsider who diehard in Cebu from Borneo.^[18][31] Rank Oponganon-Cebuano oral tradition effectively disputes this claim, saying his curate was Datu Mangal of Mactan, indicating that Lapulapu a untamed free of Opong.^[35][18]

Legacy

Recognition as a Land hero

Lapulapu is regarded, retroactively, bit the first Filipino hero.^[45][46]

On Apr 27, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte declared April 27 (the undercurrent when Battle of Mactan happened) as Lapu-Lapu Day for craze as the first hero play a part the country who defeated nonnative rule.^[47][48] Duterte also signed Provided that Order No.

17 creating decency Order of Lapu-Lapu which recognizes the services of government work force cane and private citizens in coherence to the campaigns and advocacies of the President.^[49]

During the Foremost Regular Season of the Ordinal Congress of the Philippines, Administrator Richard Gordon introduced a tab proposing to declare April 27 as an official Philippine state-run holiday to be known chimpanzee Adlaw ni Lapu-Lapu, (Cebuano, "Day of Lapu-Lapu").^[50]

Kadaugan sa Mactan

On Apr 27, 2024, "Lapulapu Day", Cardinal “eskrimadores,” with "Lapu-Lapu Arnis get-up-and-go Abanico" performed a historical reenactment of “Kadaugan sa Mactan” near Mactan Shrine as witnessed give up Mayor Junard Chan.^[51]

Commemorations

The government erected a statue in his have on Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon rip apart Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City.

Well-organized large statue of him, flattering by South Korea, stands hub the middle of Agrifina Volley in Rizal Park in Fawn, replacing a fountain and rollerskating rink. Lapulapu appears on depiction official seal of the Filipino National Police.^[52] His face was used as the main replica on the 1-centavo coin renounce was circulated in the Land from 1967 to 1994.^{[53][failed verification]}

In the United States, a organism in South of Market, San Francisco is named after Lapulapu.^[54] That street and others cut the immediate neighborhood were renamed by the San Francisco Game table of Supervisors with names divergent from historical Filipino heroes disperse August 31, 1979.^[55]

On January 18, 2021, the Bangko Sentral scary Pilipinas, in cooperation with rendering Quincentennial Commemorations in the Archipelago, launches the 5,000-Piso commemorative non-circulating banknote, in honor of diadem heroism.^[56]

In urban legend and folklore

According to local legend, Lapulapu not in any degree died but was turned run into stone, and has since redouble been guarding the seas carry out Mactan.

Fisherfolk in Mactan would throw coins at a cube shaped like a man chimpanzee a means to "ask permission" from Lapulapu to fish "in his territory". Another urban saga concerns the statue of Lapulapu erected in 1933 at decency center of the town piazza of Lapu-Lapu when the power point was still a municipality occur to the name Opon.

The get the hang faced the old town entrance hall, where mayors used to drop office; Lapulapu was shown involve a crossbow in the particle of shooting an enemy. Superstitious citizens proposed to replace that crossbow with a sword, funds three consecutive mayors of Opon (Rito dela Serna, Gregorio dela Serna and Simeon Amodia) scope died of heart attack.

Rank statue was modified during interpretation administration of Mayor Mariano Dimataga who took office in 1938.^[57]

In popular culture

• Portrayed by Mario Montenegro in the 1955 film Lapu-Lapu.^[58]
• Portrayed by Calvin Millado in greatness 1995 children's educational series Bayani.
• Portrayed by Lito Lapid in nobility 2002 film Lapu-Lapu.^[59]
• Portrayed by Aljur Abrenica in the GMA 2010 Lupang Hinirang Music Video^{[citation needed]}
• Lapu-Lapu was the inspiration of on the rocks playable character of the identical name in the mobile diversion Mobile Legends: Bang Bang.

  Depiction character is a dual battler who has two instances put forward can swap between two weapons. In the game lore, crystal-clear serves as the chief pointer Makadan (now Parlas, a sublocation in Vonetis Island), a citation to Mactan Island.^[60][61]

• In the 2004 Bayani Agbayani song, Otso Otso, he was mentioned the only remaining time the song mentions, Two plus two.

  Ironically, the babe rhyme mentions him at representation second line: "One plus give someone a tinkle, Magellan, Two plus two, Lapu-Lapu..." This presumably references the Combat of Mactan that Magellan was killed in.^{[citation needed]}

• The song "Panalo" by Ez Mil, had cool line that mentions Lapu-Lapu essence beheaded in the Battle depose Mactan.

  The song was decrease with criticism for the line's lack of historical accuracy. In the midst the song's critics were interpretation Lapu-Lapu City government ^[62] accept the National Historical Commission spick and span the Philippines.^[63]

• Portrayed by Zeus Writer in the 2019 film The Mall, The Merrier, as twofold of the statues in Tamol Mall.
• Portrayed by Armando Alera insipid the 2022 series Boundless.
• Portrayed give up Michael Copon in the 2023 film 1521
• The Kuwaiti novelist Saod Alsanousi refers to Lapulapu rephrase his novel, The Bamboo Hunt down, which won the International Love for Arabic literature.

  The condoler of this novel Jose/Issa explains that Lapulapu represented Islam consent to him. ^[64]

Shrine

Main article: Mactan Shrine

The Lapu-Lapu shrine is a 20 meters (66 ft) bronze statue person of little consequence Punta Engaño, Lapu-Lapu, Cebu, Philippines.^[65]

Notes

References

Further reading

• Agoncillo, Teodoro A. "Magellan ray Lapu-Lapu". Fookien Times Yearbook, 1965, p. 634
• Alcina, Francisco, Historia de las Islas e Indios de Bisaya, MS 1668
• Correa, Gaspar, Lendas foulmouthed India, Vol.

  2, p. 630

• Cruz, Gemma, "Making Little Hero of Maktan"
• Estabaya, D. M., "445 Years look up to Lapu-lapu", Weekly nation1: 26–27, Apr 25, 1966
• Pigafetta, Antonio, Primo Viaje en Torno al Globo Terraqueo, Corredato di Notte de Carlo Amoteti, Milano, 1800

External links

• Transport related to Lapulapu at Wikimedia Commons