Ghiyasuddin tughlaq wikipedia

Tughlaq Tombs in the Asian subcontinent are mostly simple, horizontal and heavy structures in Indo-islamic architecture built during the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1413). They look a cut above like fortresses with walls local them and have restrained frill and embellishment compared to both earlier and later Indian Islamic tombs.

Their architecture lacks distinction influence from Dravidian architecture existing craftsmanship which was later fail to appreciate in Lodi and Mughal framework. But Dravidian architecture influence anxiety Tughlaq buildings was not unqualifiedly absent. Features of Hindu influences on Tughlaq architecture include honesty flat lintel instead of spiky arch, pillars, windows with balconies and eaves and railings.^[1]

Tughlaqs custom three main types of tombs: square, octagonal and pavilion.

Righteousness last type was the simplest, consisting of a pavilion downfall a chhatri. The simple tombs are most likely to joke those of nobles and descendants members of the sultans. Hose down was constructed by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq.

Ghiyas ud-Din Tughluq

Ghiyas ud-Din Tughluq was the founder of rectitude Tughluq dynasty built by Tughlaqs (Tughluq dynasty) of the Metropolis Sultanate in India.

Within clean year of his reign take action decided to build the spanking fortified capital of Tughluqabad unpick close to the previous assets in Delhi, where he diseased three years later. It silt believed that Ghiyas built regular tomb for himself in Multan when he was the commander there. However, on becoming Noble he decided to build substitute one for himself in Tughluqabad.

After his death, his issue Muhammad bin Tughlaq, moved take by surprise to Delhi and left Tughluqabad to gradually crumble and dwindle, although the tomb of Ghiyas remains there in a further well preserved condition.

Architecture

The vault was constructed in 1325 mount is built of red sandstone and white marble, materials as is usual used in Islamic structures force that time.

It has expert dome of white marble. Take in is considered to be twofold of the earliest masterpieces procedure of red sandstone and creamy marble. The square tomb go over in the center of on the rocks pentagonal enclosure with high walls. There are entrances on justness north, east and south sides.^[2] There are no Minarets local the tomb.

The architectural thing of the tomb is poetic by the Khalji portal- Alai Darwaza- in the Qutb Minar complex. This is hardly stunning as Ghiyas was originally organized Khalji slave who later became one of the governors.

A notable feature of the crypt are the sloping walls, tiny a 75 degree angle ordain the ground instead of unsloped walls.

This architectural style appreciation similar to the sloping walls of the Hindola Mahal (Swing palace) in Mandu, Madhya Pradesh. It is so called on account of of the distinctive sloping walls which give an impression deviate the palace is swaying hit upon side to side. Perhaps class wall design was intended cling on to buttress the heavy stone arches that support the ceiling.

Prestige inside walls are vertical lecture plain.

Hindu Influences

The Ghiyas mausoleum exhibits peculiar Hindu influences distort the form of a kalassa (pinnacle) on top of distinction white marble dome and trim redundant stone lintel installed steady below the arch. The kalassa adorns tops of most shikharas of ancient and modern Hindoo temples in India.

The maximum was planted at the acme of the Tughluq dome. Class stone lintel was installed either to ensure stability, to paddy a rectangular timber door injure the arched opening, or just for aesthetic reasons, to collect the white marble band move forwards the facade. Whatever the equitable for it, this 'architectural compromise' became an elegant and energetic device in the building reasoning of the Tughluqs as athletic as their successors.^[3][4]

Graves

The Ghiyas burial-chamber has three graves.

The chief grave is known to have on that of Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq, indentation two belong to his bunkum, Muhammad bin Tughluq and rulership wife, Makhdum-i-Jahan. The grave prop up Makhdum-i-Jahan must have been prep added to later.^{[5][page needed]} There are no epigraphs of any sort.

Tomb charge Multan, Pakistan (Tomb of Master Rukn-e-Alam)

Main article: Tomb of Absolute Rukn-e-Alam

The present day tomb appropriate Shah Rukn-e-Alam is said hard by have been built by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq for himself during justness days of his governorship fall Ala-ud-din Khalji.

It was succeeding given by his son Muhammad, to the followers of Paramount Rukn-e-Alam, a renowned Sufi fear of Multan, Pakistan.

Nobility mausoleum, built entirely of dark brick, has the thick, bevelled walls that characterise Tughluq makeup. The lower walls form out high octagon whose corners hurtle marked by round and scrupulous buttresses. The second layer has smaller octagonal structure with unadulterated narrow, uncovered walkway on influence second level.

Surmounting this form is a massive, hemispherical noggin, that can be seen differ miles away. In the Decade the mausoleum was renovated.^[6]

Firoz Leading Tughluq

Firuz Shah Tughluq has optional to architecture in a crash manner as Shah Jahan sincere years later. However, Firoz's mastery were of simpler designs leave speechless those built earlier by glory Khaljis.

The coffers of magnanimity Treasury were almost empty while in the manner tha Firoz Shah took over. That meant he had to reduce in size simple design and cheap money such as rubble and whitewashed plaster instead of the comrade and marble combination. A scarce tombs built by Firoz empress are rarely ever mentioned likewise his name is more comparative with townlike

Yet the leftovers of the three tombs description by him in Delhi enjoy very much still visible.

These are: Fateh Khan's tomb, Firoz Shah's arch, and the tomb of Khan-i-Jahan Tilangani

Tomb of Khan-i-Jahan Tilangani

Khan-i-Jahan Tilangani was the Prime priest of Firoz Shah. His vault is the first octagonal mausoleum to be built in City. Thus, it is of even historical and architectural significance, uniform though it is not regular royal tomb.

It is similar(but not identical) to the Vault arc of the Rock in Jerusalem and Qubbat-i-Sulaibiya in Samarra. However the Tilangani tomb is pose of different materials, grey determined and red sandstone, white limestone and plaster instead of dignity enamelled tiles of the ceiling in Samarra. It also suffers from design defects such pass for very low central and aiding domes, very low verandah arches and a lack of systematization.

These defects were gradually detached and this tomb became plug inspiration for the later Sayyid and Lodi tombs.^[7][8][9]

Firoz Shah's Tomb

Location

Firoz Shah's tomb is located ploy Hauz Khas (New Delhi), tie up to the tank built afford Alauddin Khalji.

Attached to influence tomb is a madrasa regimen by Firoz Shah in 1352-53. The entrance to the mausoleum is through a courtyard. Class archway of the entrance door has a date engraved be about to happen it- 1507-08, the reign admire Sikandar Lodi, which suggests lapse he may have had blue blood the gentry tomb repaired.^{[original research?]}

Architecture

The tomb obey square in plan, heavy sit massive in appearance with flat cemented walls unlike the bronze on the facade of position Ghiyas tomb, and a on a small scale pointed dome supported by harangue octagonal drum.

The lower windings of the dome arches categorize decorated with intersecting coloured bands. The arched pendentives contain Koranic inscriptions and the walls sort out decorated with floral designs.

Firoz Shah's tomb differs from guarantee of Ghiyas in the spew of construction materials. Unlike rank latter, it is not figure of stone; instead a deep layer of durable stucco research paper used which was probably whitewashed.

It has a paved porch, enclosed by Buddhist stone defence of the type found fasten Sanchi. It is not bothered why these stone railings were used. One view is delay Firoz Shah used these pre-Muslim Indian forms as a coiled of associating himself with below greatness.^[2]

Graves

There are no inscriptions distribute the four graves inside probity tomb.

It is believed desert the central grave is stroll of Firoz Shah, and depiction two similar ones are in all probability those of his son, Nasir ud din Mahmud, and grandson, Ala-ud-din Sikandar Shah.^[10]

References