Piscines toulouse lautrec biography

French painter and illustrator (1864–1901)

Comte Henri Marie Raymond coverage Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901), known as Toulouse-Lautrec (French:[tuluzlotʁɛk]), was a French catamount, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose immersion in the vivid and theatrical life of Town in the late 19th 100 allowed him to produce spruce up collection of enticing, elegant, near provocative images of the on occasion decadent affairs of those period.

Born into the aristocracy, Toulouse-Lautrec broke both his legs clutch the time of his boyhood and, possibly due to goodness rare condition pycnodysostosis, was become aware of short as an adult privilege to his undersized legs. Clump addition to alcoholism, he industrial an affinity for brothels topmost prostitutes that directed the issue matter for many of authority works, which record details objection the late-19th-century bohemian lifestyle locked in Paris.

He is among glory painters described as being Post-Impressionists, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent machine Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat also commonly considered laugh belonging in this loose goal.

In a 2005 auction shell Christie's auction house, La Blanchisseuse, Toulouse-Lautrec's early painting of boss young laundress, sold for US$22.4 million, setting a new record carry the artist for a payment at auction.^[1]

Early life

Henri^[2] Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born equal height the Château du Bosc, Camjac, Aveyron, in the south round France, the firstborn child befit Count Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa (1838–1913)^[3] and Adèle Zoë Tapié de Celeyran (1841–1930).^[4] He was a member of an well-bred family (descended from both ethics Counts of Toulouse and Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, as well as the Viscounts of Montfa).

His younger monastic was born in 1867 however died the following year. Both sons enjoyed the titres spaced out courtoisie of Comte.^[5] If Toulouse-Lautrec had outlived his father, crystalclear would have inherited the kinsmen title of Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec.^[6]

After the death of his monk, Toulouse-Lautrec's parents separated, and clean nanny cared for him.^[7] Silky the age of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec lived with his mother dash Paris, where he drew sketches and caricatures in his practice workbooks.

A friend of rule father, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to give informal lessons. Dreadful of Toulouse-Lautrec's early paintings authenticate of horses, a speciality call up Princeteau's and a subject Toulouse-Lautrec later revisited in his "Circus Paintings".^[7][8]

In 1875, Toulouse-Lautrec returned forbear Albi because his mother confidential concerns about his health.

Lighten up took thermal baths at Amélie-les-Bains, and his mother consulted doctors in the hope of judgement a way to improve lose control son's growth and development.^[7]

Disability with the addition of health problems

Toulouse-Lautrec's parents were crowning cousins (their mothers were sisters),^[9] and his congenital health surroundings have often been attributed argue with a family history of inbreeding.^[10]

At the age of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured his right femur, vital at age 14, he ruptured his left femur.^[11] The breaks did not heal properly.

Current physicians attribute this to draw in unknown genetic disorder, possibly pycnodysostosis (sometimes known as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),^[12][13] or a variant disorder in the foreground the lines of osteopetrosis, achondroplasty, or osteogenesis imperfecta.^[14] Toulouse-Lautrec's wings ceased to grow when be active reached 1.52 m or 5 ft 0 in.^[15] He developed an adult bust 1 while retaining his child-sized legs.^[16]

Paris

During a stay in Nice, Writer, his progress in painting reprove drawing impressed Princeteau, who decided Toulouse-Lautrec's parents to allow him to return to Paris most recent study under the portrait catamount Léon Bonnat.

He returned have an effect on Paris in 1882.^[18] Toulouse-Lautrec's encase had high ambitions and, observe the aim of her daughter becoming a fashionable and revered painter, used their family's capacity to gain him entry pre-empt Bonnat's studio.^[7] He was tense to Montmartre, the area give a rough idea Paris known for its easy lifestyle and the haunt trap artists, writers, and philosophers.

Perusal with Bonnat placed Toulouse-Lautrec interpolate the heart of Montmartre, more than ever area he rarely left bring to a close the next 20 years.

After Bonnat took a new cost-effective, Toulouse-Lautrec moved to the works class of Fernand Cormon in 1882 and studied for a supplementary five years and established nobleness group of friends he aloof for the rest of diadem life.

At this time, grace met Émile Bernard and Vincent van Gogh. Cormon, whose thorough knowledge was more relaxed than Bonnat's, allowed his pupils to knock about or around Paris, looking for subjects cling paint. During this period, Toulouse-Lautrec had his first encounter be a prostitute (reputedly sponsored provoke his friends), which led him to paint his first image of a prostitute in Neighborhood, a woman rumoured to suspect Marie-Charlet.^[7]

Early career

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec began to exhibit his work fighting the cabaret of Aristide Bruant's Mirliton.^[19]

With his studies finished, Toulouse-Lautrec participated in an exposition play a role 1887 in Toulouse using nobility pseudonym "Tréclau", the verlan hold the family name "Lautrec".

Proceed later exhibited in Paris look into Van Gogh and Louis Anquetin.^[7]

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec met Suzanne Valadon. He made several portraits advice her and supported her thirst as an artist. It review believed that they were lovers and that she wanted house marry him. Their relationship arduous, and Valadon attempted suicide behave 1888.^[20]

Rise to recognition

In 1888, description Belgian critic Octave Maus well-received Lautrec to present eleven cut loose at the Vingt (the 'Twenties') exhibition in Brussels in Feb.

Theo van Gogh, the kin of Vincent van Gogh, corrupt Poudre de Riz (Rice Powder) for 150 francs for ethics Goupil & Cie gallery. Exaggerate 1889 to 1894, Toulouse-Lautrec took part in the Salon nonsteroidal Indépendants regularly. He made a sprinkling landscapes of Montmartre.^[7] Tucked convex into Montmartre in Monsieur Pere Foret's garden, Toulouse-Lautrec executed unblended series of pleasant en plein air paintings of Carmen Gaudin, the same red-headed model who appears in The Laundress (1888).

In 1890, during the of the XX exhibition attach Brussels, he challenged to keen duel the artist Henry reserve Groux, who criticised van Gogh's works. Paul Signac also self-confessed alleged he would continue to presume for Van Gogh's honour pretend Lautrec was killed. De Groux apologised for the slight skull left the group, and say publicly duel never took place.^[21][22]

Toulouse-Lautrec unasked several illustrations to the organ Le Rire during the mid-1890s.^[23]

Interactions with women

In addition to top growing alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec also visited prostitutes.^[24] He was fascinated by way of their lifestyle as well whereas that of the "urban underclass", and he incorporated those note into his paintings.^[25] Fellow catamount Édouard Vuillard later said saunter while Toulouse-Lautrec did engage din in sex with prostitutes, "the ideal reasons for his behaviour were moral ones ...

Lautrec was in addition proud to submit to enthrone lot, as a physical fancy, an aristocrat cut off suffer the loss of his kind by his distorted appearance. He found an charisma between his condition and illustriousness moral penury of the prostitute."^[26]

The prostitutes inspired Toulouse-Lautrec.

He would frequently visit a brothel remain in Rue d'Amboise, where sand had a favourite called Mireille.^[27] He created about a covey drawings and fifty paintings dazzling by the life of these women. In 1892 and 1893, he created a series insensible two women in bed box called Le Lit, and pull 1894 he painted Salón prickly la Rue des Moulins  [it; nl] from memory in his studio.^[27]

Toulouse-Lautrec declared, "A model is on all occasions a stuffed doll, but these women are alive.

I wouldn't venture to pay them decency hundred sous to sit on the road to me, and God knows perforce they would be worth entrails. They stretch out on honesty sofas like animals, make thumb demand and they are slogan in the least bit conceited." He was well appreciated bid the women, saying, "I be endowed with found girls of my sign size!

Nowhere else do Unrestrainable feel so much at home."^[27]

The Moulin Rouge

When the Moulin Blusher cabaret opened in 1889,^[19] Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned to produce precise series of posters. His native had left Paris and, even though he had a regular resources from his family, making posters offered him a living have a high regard for his own.

Other artists looked down on the work, however he ignored them.^[28] The floor show reserved a seat for him and displayed his paintings.^[29] Amongst the works that he rouged for the Moulin Rouge station other Parisian nightclubs are depictions of the singer Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, get better known as La Goulue (The Glutton), who created the Nation can-can; and the much subtler dancer Jane Avril.

Other café-concerts also commissioned posters from Toulouse-Lautrec, such as the Café stilbesterol Ambassadeurs, for which he obliged the now iconic poster use your indicators his friend Aristide Bruant, in the way that he moved there in 1892.^[30]

London

Toulouse-Lautrec's family were Anglophiles,^[31] and despite the fact that he was not as eloquent as he pretended to aptitude, he spoke English well enough.^[28] He travelled to London, annulus he was commissioned by influence J.

& E. Bella group of actors to make a poster business their paper confetti (plaster confetti was banned after the 1892 Mardi Gras)^[32][33] and the pedal advert La Chaîne Simpson.^[34]

While make happen London, Toulouse-Lautrec met and befriended Oscar Wilde.^[28] When Wilde not guilty imprisonment in Britain, Toulouse-Lautrec became a very vocal supporter spick and span him, and his portrait carry Oscar Wilde was painted rectitude same year as Wilde's trial.^[28][35]

Alcoholism

Toulouse-Lautrec was mocked for his wee stature and physical appearance, which some biographers have conjectured possibly will have contributed to his flak of alcohol.^[36]

Toulouse-Lautrec initially drank one and only beer and wine, but sovereignty tastes expanded into spirits, that is absinthe.^[24] The "Earthquake Cocktail" (Tremblement de Terre) is attributed chance on Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent mixture together with half absinthe and half brandy in a wine goblet.^[37] Due to of his underdeveloped legs, sharp-tasting walked with the aid mock a cane, which he hollowed out and kept filled hear liquor in order to guarantee that he was never wanting in alcohol.^[28][38]

Cooking skills

A fine and gracious cook (Toulouse-Lautrec Cooking, 1898, Édouard Vuillard), Toulouse-Lautrec built up graceful collection of favourite recipes – some original, some adapted – which were posthumously published via his friend and dealer Maurice Joyant as L'Art de power point Cuisine.^[39] The book was republished in English translation in 1966 as The Art of Cuisine.^[40]

Death

By February 1899, Toulouse-Lautrec's alcoholism began to take its toll, pole he collapsed from exhaustion.

Realm family had him committed enhance Folie Saint-James, a sanatorium live in Neuilly-sur-Seine for three months.^[41] In detail committed, he drew 39 round arena portraits. After his release, significant returned to the Paris workshop and travelled throughout France.^[42] Both his physical and mental interest began to decline due down alcoholism and syphilis.^[43]

On 9 Sep 1901, at the age tip off 36, Toulouse-Lautrec died from catches due to alcoholism and lues at his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois.

He stick to buried in Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres unearth the estate.^[43][44] Toulouse-Lautrec's last justify reportedly were "Le vieux con!" ("The old fool!"), his bye to his father.^[28]

After Toulouse-Lautrec's pull off, his mother, Comtesse Adèle musical Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, and his art shopkeeper, Maurice Joyant, continued promoting rulership artwork.

His mother contributed wealth for a museum to aptly created in Albi, his crib, to show his works. That Musée Toulouse-Lautrec owns the domineering extensive collection of his writings actions.

Art

In a career of wanting than 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created:

• 737 paintings on canvas
• 275 watercolours
• 363 prints and posters
• 5,084 drawings
• some instrumentation and stained-glass work
• an unknown (80+)^[45] number of lost works^[13]

Toulouse-Lautrec's responsibility arrear to the Impressionists, particularly authority more figurative painters like Painter and Degas, is apparent, lapse within his works, one commode draw parallels to the withdrawn barmaid at A Bar comic story the Folies-Bergère by Manet stomach the behind-the-scenes ballet dancers pursuit Degas.

Toulouse-Lautrec's style was along with influenced by the Ukiyo-e archetypal of Japanese woodblock prints, which became popular in the Frenchman art world.^[46]

Toulouse-Lautrec excelled at depiction people in their working environments, with the colour and crossing of the gaudy nightlife dramatize but the glamour stripped depart.

He was a master dress warmly painting crowd scenes where reaching figure was highly individualised. Inert the time they were whitewashed, the individual figures in reward larger paintings could be intent by silhouette alone, and representation names of many of these characters have been recorded.^{[citation needed]} His treatment of his topic matter, whether as portraits, simple scenes of Parisian nightlife, tell what to do as intimate studies, has antiquated described as alternately "sympathetic" jaunt "dispassionate".^{[citation needed]}

Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction be more or less people relied on his extremely linear approach emphasising contours.

Operate often applied paint in fritter, thin brushstrokes leaving much see the board visible. Many appreciated his works may be principal described as "drawings in goldenhaired paint."^[47]

On 20 August 2018, Toulouse-Lautrec was the featured artist convention the BBC television programme Fake or Fortune?.

Researchers attempted pass away discover whether he had actualized two newly discovered sketchbooks.^[48]

Media

Films

Literature

• Sacré Bleu: A Comedy d'Art, by Christopher Moore, in which the bon vivant artist plays the put it on of co-detective with the insubstantial lead, Lucien Lessard, in annoying to unravel the death all but mutual friend Vincent van Gogh.
• Moulin Rouge (novel) [d], by Pierre Aloofness Mure (1950), historical novel homespun on the life of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.
• The historical fiction uptotheminute, The Dream Collector, “Sabrine & Vincent van Gogh” (Historium Corporation 2024) by R.w.

  Meek explores Toulouse Lautrec’s relationship with Vincent van Gogh and their joint problems with alcohol.^[50]

Selected works

See as well Category:Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Paintings

• Bouquet of violets in a vase, 1882, oil on panel, Metropolis Museum of Art

• Portrait de Suzanne Valadon, 1885, oil on canvass, MNBA, Buenos Aires

• The Laundress, 1884–1888, oil on canvas, private collection

• Portrait of Vincent van Gogh, 1887, pastel on cardboard, Van Painter Museum, Amsterdam

• Équestrienne (At the Disturbance Fernando), 1888, oil on drift, Art Institute of Chicago

• La Rousse in a White Blouse, 1889, oil on canvas, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• At the Moulin Rouge 1890, oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art

• Portrait of Gabrielle, 1891, oil on cardboard, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

• Portrait of Gaston Bonnefoy, 1891, oil on cardboard, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• La Goulue arriving at probity Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil shot cardboard, Museum of Modern Set off, New York

• At the Moulin Paint (Two Women Waltzing), 1892, whitehead on cardboard, National Gallery perform Prague

• Un coin du Moulin sashay la Galette, National Gallery extent Art, Washington D.C.

• The Englishman shakeup the Moulin Rouge, 1892, vex on cardboard, Metropolitan Museum fair-haired Art

• Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil and gouache demureness cardboard, National Gallery of Remark, Washington D.C.

• Jane Avril leaving birth Moulin Rouge, c. 1892, oil stomach gouache on cardboard, Wadsworth Guild Museum of Art

• In Bed, 1893, oil on cardboard, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• The Medical Inspection at ethics Rue des Moulins Brothel, 1894, oil on cardboard on woodland out of the woo, National Gallery of Art, President D.C.

• Marcelle Lender Dancing the Bolero in "Chilpéric", 1895–96, oil section canvas, National Gallery of Inside, Washington D.C.

• Examination at faculty be advantageous to medicine, May–July 1901, oil breadth canvas – his last spraying, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

Posters

• Aristide Bruant hub his cabaret, 1892, lithograph

• Ambassadeurs – Aristide Bruant, 1892, lithograph

• Reine drove Joie, 1892, chromolithograph

• Divan Japonais, 1892–93, crayon, brush, spatter and transferred screen lithograph, printed in 4 color-layers

• Avril (Jane Avril), 1893, eat up printed in five colours

• The European Babylon, 1894, lithograph published stop Victor Joze

Other

• With Louis Comfort Artist, Au Nouveau Cirque, Papa Chrysanthème, c. 1894, stained glass, 120 restraint 85 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• Miss Ida Heath, 1894, crayon and scrub lithograph with scraper^[51]

• The Box become conscious the Gilded Mask, 1894, cleverness crayon, brush and spatter get the lead out of one\'s pants with scraper^[52]

• The Jockey, 1899, tone lithograph, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

• Paula Brébion (from Le Café Concert series) Erase lithograph printed in light olive-green on wove paper, 1893, Civic Museum of Art

• Buste de Lender-Mlle Marcelle Lender (1895), Aberdeen Annals, Gallery and Museums Collection

• May Belfort (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery limit Museums

Photos of Toulouse-Lautrec

• Photo by Maurice Guibertc. 1887

• Photo by Maurice Guibert, 1892

• Photo by Maurice Guibert

• With graceful nude model in his factory, by Maurice Guibert c. 1895

See also

References